General Surgery

• Wound suturing & dressing
• Incision & Drainage (I&D) of abscess
• Excision of small cysts/lipomas
• Nail removal (ingrown toenail)
• Debridement of infected wounds
• Basic tracheostomy care
• Urinary catheterization / NG tube insertion
• Initial trauma management (ATLS principles)

Assist in following procedures:

• Cholecystectomy
• Hernia repair
• Mastectomy / lumpectomy
• Thyroidectomy
• Splenectomy
• Exploratory laparotomy
• Bowel resection & anastomosis

Anesthesia

Airway Management

• Bag Mask Ventilation (BMV)
• Oropharyngeal airway (OPA) insertion
• Nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) insertion
• Endotracheal intubation
• Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion
• Recognition & initial management of difficult airway

Resuscitation Skills

• Basic Life Support (BLS)
• Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) basics
• CPR
• Recognition & management of shock
• Use of Ambu bag & oxygen therapy

IV / Lines / Monitoring

• Peripheral IV cannulation (routine)
• Central line exposure
• Arterial line exposure
• Blood transfusion initiation & monitoring
• Pulse oximeter, NIBP, ECG monitoring interpretation (basic)

Regional / Local Anesthesia

• Spinal anesthesia
• Epidural anesthesia
• Local infiltration anesthesia for minor procedures

Emergency Management

• Chest pain (MI, angina, pericarditis)
• Stroke (TIA, ischemic, hemorrhagic – initial management + referral)
• Status epilepticus
• Acute asthma / COPD exacerbation
• Hypertensive urgency & emergency
• Hypoglycemia, DKA, HHS
• Sepsis, septic shock
• Poisonings (organophosphates, paracetamol, opioids)

Common Medical Conditions

• Cardiology: Hypertension, Heart Failure, Ischemic Heart Disease, Arrhythmias
• Pulmonology: Asthma, COPD, Pneumonia, Pleural effusion, TB basics
• Gastroenterology: Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, GI bleed, Peptic ulcer disease
• Endocrinology: Diabetes mellitus, Thyroid disorders
• Neurology: Stroke, Epilepsy, Meningitis, Neuropathies
• Renal: AKI, CKD, Electrolyte disturbances (Na, K, Ca, Mg)
• Rheumatology: Arthritis (RA, gout, osteoarthritis basics)
• Infectious Diseases: Typhoid, Malaria, Dengue, Sepsis, HIV basics

Procedures & Investigations

• IV cannulation, blood sampling
• ABG sampling & interpretation basics
• ECG interpretation (MI, arrhythmias, electrolyte changes)
• NG tube insertion
• Urinary catheterization
• Lumbar puncture
• Ascitic tap / Pleural tap
• CBC, LFTs, RFTs, electrolytes
• Blood glucose, HbA1c
• Chest X-ray (pneumonia, effusion, TB, CHF)
• Ultrasound abdomen (basic understanding)
• Cardiac enzymes (Trop I/T, CK-MB)

Pediatrics

History & Examination

• Pediatric history taking (birth history, immunization, nutrition, milestones, family history)
• Growth monitoring (weight, height, head circumference, BMI charts)
• Developmental milestones assessment
• General examination (hydration, jaundice, anemia, cyanosis, clubbing)
• Systemic exam (RS, CVS, GIT, CNS)

Emergency Care

• Neonatal resuscitation (NRP)
• Pediatric BLS/CPR
• Acute asthma / bronchiolitis management
• Seizure management (febrile & status epilepticus)
• Severe dehydration (ORS, IV fluids)
• Shock management (septic shock, hypovolemic shock)
• Hypoglycemia recognition & correction
• Poisoning (kerosene, organophosphate, drug overdoses)

Neonatology (Very Important)

• Care of newborn (APGAR, cord care, thermoregulation)
• Kangaroo mother care (KMC)
• Feeding techniques (breastfeeding support, NG tube feeding)
• Jaundice in newborn – recognition & referral for phototherapy/exchange transfusion
• Neonatal sepsis management
• Low birth weight (LBW) / preterm baby care
• Recognition of congenital anomalies

Common Pediatric Conditions

• Pneumonia, bronchiolitis, asthma
• Diarrhea, dehydration, malnutrition
• Tuberculosis (childhood TB basics)
• Typhoid, malaria, dengue in children
• Rheumatic fever basics
• Meningitis & encephalitis
• Congenital heart disease (cyanotic vs acyanotic – recognition)
• Nephrotic syndrome / nephritis basics
• Anemias (iron deficiency, thalassemia)

Procedures (MO Level)

• IV cannulation in children
• Intraosseous line (in emergencies)
• NG tube insertion in neonates/children
• Lumbar puncture (assist/perform under supervision)
• Blood sampling in neonates (heel prick, venipuncture)
• Vaccination administration
• Nebulization (salbutamol, budesonide)
• Oxygen therapy (nasal prongs, mask, CPAP basics)

Preventive & Community Pediatrics

• EPI schedule (Pakistan/WHO immunization program)
• Growth charts & nutrition counselling
• Exclusive breastfeeding importance
• Vitamin D, iron & deworming protocols